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Python API

The stable public Python API is exported from co_op_translator.api. Most integrations use one of these workflows:

Scenario Use this when Main APIs
Translate individual files or documents Your application reads source content, calls Co-op Translator for translation, and decides where to save the result. translate_markdown_content, translate_notebook_content, translate_image_content, rewrite_markdown_paths, rewrite_notebook_paths
Prepare content for host-agent translation Your MCP host or application model will translate chunks, while Co-op Translator handles chunking and reconstruction. start_markdown_agent_translation, finish_markdown_agent_translation, start_notebook_agent_translation, finish_notebook_agent_translation
Translate an entire repository You want the Python API to behave like the CLI and handle discovery, output paths, metadata, cleanup, and writes. run_translation

Most lower-level modules under core, config, review, and utils are implementation details used by these API entry points.

MCP clients use the same public API through the MCP Server. Use this page when calling Python directly, and the MCP guide when exposing Co-op Translator to an agent or editor. If you are deciding between CLI, Python API, and MCP, start with Choose Your Workflow.

First-Time API Flow

Start here if you are calling Co-op Translator from Python code:

  1. Configure an LLM provider as described in Configuration, unless you are only preparing Markdown or notebook chunks for host-agent translation.
  2. Decide whether your application owns file I/O.
  3. Use content APIs when your application reads and writes individual files.
  4. Use run_translation when Co-op Translator should process a repository like the CLI.
  5. Use run_review after translation if you need deterministic checks in automation.
Goal API to start with
Translate one Markdown string or file translate_markdown_content
Translate one notebook payload translate_notebook_content
Translate one image translate_image_content
Let a host agent translate Markdown or notebook chunks start_markdown_agent_translation or start_notebook_agent_translation
Rewrite translated links after choosing an output path rewrite_markdown_paths or rewrite_notebook_paths
Translate a full repository run_translation
Review translated output run_review

Scenario 1: Translate Individual Files or Documents

Use this workflow when you already have a file, editor buffer, notebook payload, MCP request, or custom pipeline input. Your code owns file I/O:

  1. Read the source content.
  2. Call a content translation API.
  3. Optionally call a path rewriting API if the translated content will be written into a project translation folder.
  4. Save or return the result from your application.

The content translation APIs do not run project discovery, do not write metadata, do not append disclaimers, and do not rewrite links automatically.

Markdown File

import asyncio
from pathlib import Path

from co_op_translator.api import (
    rewrite_markdown_paths,
    translate_markdown_content,
)


async def main() -> None:
    source_path = Path("docs/guide.md")
    target_path = Path("translations/ko/docs/guide.md")

    translated = await translate_markdown_content(
        source_path.read_text(encoding="utf-8"),
        "ko",
        {"source_path": source_path},
    )

    rewritten = rewrite_markdown_paths(
        translated,
        source_path=source_path,
        target_path=target_path,
        policy={
            "language_code": "ko",
            "root_dir": ".",
            "translations_dir": "translations",
            "translated_images_dir": "translated_images",
            "translation_types": ["markdown", "images"],
        },
    )

    target_path.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
    target_path.write_text(rewritten, encoding="utf-8")


asyncio.run(main())

If the translated Markdown will not live in a Co-op Translator project layout, skip rewrite_markdown_paths and save the translated string directly.

Notebook File

import asyncio
from pathlib import Path

from co_op_translator.api import (
    rewrite_notebook_paths,
    translate_notebook_content,
)


async def main() -> None:
    source_path = Path("docs/tutorial.ipynb")
    target_path = Path("translations/ja/docs/tutorial.ipynb")

    translated_json = await translate_notebook_content(
        source_path.read_text(encoding="utf-8"),
        "ja",
        {"source_path": source_path},
    )

    rewritten_json = rewrite_notebook_paths(
        translated_json,
        source_path=source_path,
        target_path=target_path,
        policy={
            "language_code": "ja",
            "root_dir": ".",
            "translations_dir": "translations",
            "translated_images_dir": "translated_images",
            "translation_types": ["notebook", "images"],
        },
    )

    target_path.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
    target_path.write_text(rewritten_json, encoding="utf-8")


asyncio.run(main())

translate_notebook_content translates Markdown cells and preserves non-Markdown cells. Path rewriting is applied only to Markdown cells.

Image File

from pathlib import Path

from co_op_translator.api import translate_image_content

source_path = Path("docs/images/hero.png")
target_path = Path("translated_images/fr/hero.png")

translated_image = translate_image_content(
    source_path,
    "fr",
    {
        "root_dir": ".",
        "fast_mode": False,
    },
)

target_path.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
translated_image.save(target_path)

translate_image_content reads the source image and returns a rendered PIL.Image.Image. It does not write translated image metadata.

Scenario 2: Translate an Entire Repository

Use this workflow when you want the Python API to behave like the translate CLI. run_translation discovers supported files, translates selected content types, rewrites paths, writes output files, updates metadata, and performs translation maintenance tasks such as cleanup.

run_translation is the preferred project orchestration entry point. translate_project is exported as a compatibility alias with the same behavior.

Translate Markdown files in the current repository into Korean and Japanese:

from co_op_translator.api import run_translation

run_translation(
    language_codes="ko ja",
    markdown=True,
)

Translate only notebooks from a specific project root:

from co_op_translator.api import run_translation

run_translation(
    language_codes="fr",
    root_dir="./my-course",
    notebook=True,
)

Preview translation volume without writing files:

from co_op_translator.api import run_translation

run_translation(
    language_codes="es de",
    root_dir="./my-course",
    markdown=True,
    dry_run=True,
)

Translate multiple content roots in one call:

from co_op_translator.api import run_translation

run_translation(
    language_codes="ko",
    markdown=True,
    root_dirs=["./docs", "./labs"],
)

Write translations into explicit output groups:

from co_op_translator.api import run_translation

run_translation(
    language_codes="ja",
    markdown=True,
    groups=[
        ("./course-a", "./localized/course-a"),
        ("./course-b", "./localized/course-b"),
    ],
)

Use a per-language placeholder when each language should contain a nested subdirectory:

from co_op_translator.api import run_translation

run_translation(
    language_codes="ko",
    markdown=True,
    groups=[
        ("./course", "./translations/<lang>/course"),
    ],
)

If none of markdown, notebook, or images are set, the API translates all supported types: Markdown, notebooks, and images.

Review Translated Output

run_review runs deterministic translation checks without LLM or Vision credentials.

Beta

run_review is a beta deterministic review API. It does not call model providers or write files, but checks and issue schemas may evolve.

from co_op_translator.api import run_review

run_review(
    language_codes="ko ja",
    root_dir="./my-course",
    markdown=True,
    notebook=True,
)

Review only files changed against a base ref and print GitHub-flavored output:

from co_op_translator.api import run_review

run_review(
    language_codes="ko",
    root_dir="./my-course",
    markdown=True,
    notebook=True,
    changed_from="origin/main",
    output_format="github",
)

Copy-Paste API Examples

Translate Markdown content without file writes:

import asyncio

from co_op_translator.api import translate_markdown_content


async def main() -> None:
    translated = await translate_markdown_content(
        "# Hello\n\nWelcome to the course.",
        "ko",
    )
    print(translated)


asyncio.run(main())

Translate and rewrite Markdown links:

import asyncio

from co_op_translator.api import rewrite_markdown_paths, translate_markdown_content


async def main() -> None:
    translated = await translate_markdown_content(
        "[Setup](../setup.md)\n\n![Hero](../../images/hero.png)",
        "ko",
        {"source_path": "docs/guide.md"},
    )
    rewritten = rewrite_markdown_paths(
        translated,
        source_path="docs/guide.md",
        target_path="translations/ko/docs/guide.md",
        policy={
            "language_code": "ko",
            "root_dir": ".",
            "translations_dir": "translations",
            "translated_images_dir": "translated_images",
            "translation_types": ["markdown", "images"],
        },
    )
    print(rewritten)


asyncio.run(main())

Translate a repository from Python:

from co_op_translator.api import run_translation

run_translation(
    language_codes="ko ja",
    root_dir="./course",
    markdown=True,
    yes=True,
)

Translate multiple roots:

from co_op_translator.api import run_translation

run_translation(
    language_codes="ko",
    markdown=True,
    root_dirs=[
        "./docs",
        "./labs",
    ],
)

Preserve glossary terms:

from co_op_translator.api import run_translation

run_translation(
    language_codes="fr",
    markdown=True,
    glossaries=[
        "Co-op Translator",
        "Azure AI Foundry",
        "GitHub Actions",
    ],
)

Public Entry Points

from co_op_translator.api import (
    ImageTranslationOptions,
    MarkdownTranslationOptions,
    NotebookTranslationOptions,
    finish_markdown_agent_translation,
    finish_notebook_agent_translation,
    run_review,
    run_translation,
    rewrite_markdown_paths,
    rewrite_notebook_paths,
    start_markdown_agent_translation,
    start_notebook_agent_translation,
    translate_image_content,
    translate_markdown_content,
    translate_notebook_content,
    translate_project,
)

co_op_translator.api.translate_markdown_content async

translate_markdown_content(document: str, language_code: str, options: MarkdownTranslationOptions | Mapping[str, object] | None = None) -> str

Translate markdown content without project path rewriting or file I/O.

co_op_translator.api.translate_notebook_content async

translate_notebook_content(notebook: str | dict[str, object], language_code: str, options: NotebookTranslationOptions | Mapping[str, object] | None = None) -> str

Translate notebook markdown cells without project path rewriting or file I/O.

co_op_translator.api.translate_image_content

translate_image_content(image_path: str | Path, language_code: str, options: ImageTranslationOptions | Mapping[str, object] | None = None) -> Image.Image

Translate image text and return a rendered image without saving metadata.

co_op_translator.api.start_markdown_agent_translation

start_markdown_agent_translation(document: str, language_code: str, source_path: str | Path | None = None) -> dict[str, object]

Prepare provider-free Markdown chunks for host-agent translation.

co_op_translator.api.finish_markdown_agent_translation

finish_markdown_agent_translation(job: Mapping[str, object], translated_chunks: Mapping[str, object] | list[Mapping[str, object]]) -> dict[str, object]

Reconstruct Markdown from chunks translated by a host agent.

co_op_translator.api.start_notebook_agent_translation

start_notebook_agent_translation(notebook: str | Mapping[str, object], language_code: str, source_path: str | Path | None = None) -> dict[str, object]

Prepare provider-free notebook Markdown chunks for host-agent translation.

co_op_translator.api.finish_notebook_agent_translation

finish_notebook_agent_translation(job: Mapping[str, object], translated_chunks: Mapping[str, object] | list[Mapping[str, object]]) -> dict[str, object]

Reconstruct a notebook from Markdown chunks translated by a host agent.

co_op_translator.api.rewrite_markdown_paths

rewrite_markdown_paths(content: str, source_path: str | Path, target_path: str | Path, policy: MarkdownPathRewritePolicy | Mapping[str, object]) -> str

Rewrite markdown/frontmatter paths for a translated project target.

co_op_translator.api.rewrite_notebook_paths

rewrite_notebook_paths(content: str, source_path: str | Path, target_path: str | Path, policy: MarkdownPathRewritePolicy | Mapping[str, object]) -> str

Rewrite markdown-cell paths for a translated project notebook target.

co_op_translator.api.MarkdownTranslationOptions dataclass

Options for content-only markdown translation.

co_op_translator.api.NotebookTranslationOptions dataclass

Options for content-only notebook translation.

co_op_translator.api.ImageTranslationOptions dataclass

Options for content-only image translation.

co_op_translator.api.run_translation

run_translation(language_codes: str, root_dir: str = '.', update: bool = False, images: bool = False, markdown: bool = False, notebook: bool = False, debug: bool = False, save_logs: bool = False, yes: bool = True, add_disclaimer: bool = False, translations_dir: str | None = None, image_dir: str | None = None, root_dirs: Iterable[str] | None = None, groups: Iterable[tuple[str, str | None]] | None = None, repo_url: str | None = None, glossaries: Iterable[str] | None = None, readme_only: bool = False, dry_run: bool = False, progress_callback: TranslationEventCallback | None = None, json_events_path: str | Path | None = None) -> None

Programmatic translation entrypoint mirroring the translate CLI options.

progress_callback receives versioned TranslationEvent objects for integration code. json_events_path writes the same events as NDJSON.

co_op_translator.api.translate_project

translate_project(*args, **kwargs) -> None

Programmatic project translation entrypoint.

co_op_translator.api.run_review

run_review(language_codes: str | Iterable[str] = 'all', root_dir: str = '.', update: bool = False, images: bool = False, markdown: bool = False, notebook: bool = False, debug: bool = False, save_logs: bool = False, yes: bool = True, add_disclaimer: bool = False, translations_dir: str | None = None, image_dir: str | None = None, root_dirs: Iterable[str] | None = None, groups: Iterable[tuple[str, str | None]] | None = None, repo_url: str | None = None, glossaries: Iterable[str] | None = None, dry_run: bool = False, changed_from: str | None = None, output_format: str = 'text', fail_on_warnings: bool = False) -> ReviewSummary

Programmatic deterministic review entrypoint.

The signature intentionally mirrors run_translation where possible so automation can switch between translate and review workflows with minimal branching. Review ignores mutating translation-only options such as update, yes, add_disclaimer, repo_url, glossaries, and dry_run.

Content Translation APIs

Content translation APIs are intended for integrations that already have content in memory, such as an editor extension, MCP tool, notebook processor, or custom pipeline.

Function Input Output File I/O Notes
translate_markdown_content Markdown str Markdown str No Async. Translates Markdown content only. It does not rewrite links, write metadata, or append disclaimers.
translate_notebook_content Notebook JSON str or dict Notebook JSON str No Async. Translates Markdown cells and preserves non-Markdown cells. It does not rewrite links, write metadata, or append disclaimers.
translate_image_content Image path PIL.Image.Image Reads source image only Synchronous. Extracts and translates image text, then returns a rendered image. It does not save translated image metadata.

translate_markdown_content and translate_notebook_content accept an optional source_path through their options. The path is passed as context to the translator; callers remain responsible for any project-specific path rewriting after translation.

from co_op_translator.api import MarkdownTranslationOptions, translate_markdown_content

translated = await translate_markdown_content(
    document,
    "ko",
    MarkdownTranslationOptions(source_path="docs/guide.md"),
)

The same options can be passed as dictionaries:

translated = await translate_markdown_content(
    document,
    "ko",
    {"source_path": "docs/guide.md"},
)

Agent-Assisted Translation APIs

Agent-assisted APIs do not call Azure OpenAI or OpenAI from Co-op Translator. They prepare Markdown or notebook chunks for a host agent to translate, then reconstruct the final content from translated chunks.

Function Purpose
start_markdown_agent_translation Return a self-contained Markdown job with chunks, prompts, and reconstruction state.
finish_markdown_agent_translation Reconstruct Markdown from a job and host-agent translated chunks.
start_notebook_agent_translation Return a notebook job with Markdown-cell chunks for host-agent translation.
finish_notebook_agent_translation Reconstruct notebook JSON while preserving code cells, outputs, and metadata.

This workflow is mainly intended for MCP hosts. If you need production repository translation with Co-op Translator managing provider calls, use translate_markdown_content, translate_notebook_content, or run_translation.

Path Rewriting APIs

Path rewriting APIs perform no translation. They update links and frontmatter paths after callers know the source path, translated target path, and project layout.

Function Scope Notes
rewrite_markdown_paths Markdown body and frontmatter Rewrites Markdown links and supported frontmatter path fields for a translated target.
rewrite_notebook_paths Markdown cells in notebook JSON Applies Markdown path rewriting to each Markdown cell and leaves non-Markdown cells unchanged.

The policy argument may be a dictionary with these fields:

Field Required Purpose
language_code Yes Target language code, such as "ko" or "pt-BR".
root_dir No Source project root. Defaults to ".".
translations_dir No Text translation output directory. Defaults to translations under root_dir.
translated_images_dir No Translated image output directory. Defaults to translated_images under root_dir.
translation_types No Enabled translation types. Defaults to Markdown, notebooks, and images.
lang_subdir No Optional subdirectory under each language folder.

Project Translation Parameters

Parameter Type Default Purpose
language_codes str Required Space-separated target language codes, such as "ko ja fr", or "all". Alias codes are normalized to canonical BCP 47 values.
root_dir str "." Project root for a single translation target. Ignored when root_dirs or groups are supplied.
update bool False Delete and recreate existing translations for the selected languages.
images bool False Include image translation. Requires Azure AI Vision configuration.
markdown bool False Include Markdown translation.
notebook bool False Include Jupyter notebook translation.
debug bool False Enable debug logging.
save_logs bool False Save DEBUG-level log files under the root logs/ directory.
yes bool True Auto-confirm prompts for programmatic and CI usage.
add_disclaimer bool False Add machine translation disclaimers to translated Markdown and notebooks.
translations_dir str \| None None Custom text translation output directory. Relative paths resolve against each root.
image_dir str \| None None Custom translated image output directory. Relative paths resolve against each root.
root_dirs Iterable[str] \| None None Multiple roots that share the same output settings.
groups Iterable[tuple[str, str \| None]] \| None None Explicit (root_dir, translations_dir) pairs. Takes precedence over root_dirs.
repo_url str \| None None Repository URL used when rendering README language table guidance.
glossaries Iterable[str] \| None None Glossary terms to preserve during translation. Duplicates and blank terms are normalized.
dry_run bool False Estimate translation volume and preview migration behavior without writing files.

Review Parameters

run_review intentionally mirrors the run_translation signature where possible so automation can switch between translation and review workflows with minimal branching.

Parameter Type Default Purpose
language_codes str \| Iterable[str] "all" Target language folders to review. Space-separated strings and iterables are accepted. "all" reviews every discovered translation language.
root_dir str "." Project root for a single review target. Ignored when root_dirs or groups are supplied.
markdown bool False Include Markdown and MDX source files.
notebook bool False Include Jupyter notebook source files.
images bool False Reserved for parity with translation options. Link references to images are checked from Markdown.
translations_dir str \| None None Vlastný výstupný adresár pre preklady textu. Relatívne cesty sa riešia voči každému koreňu.
root_dirs Iterable[str] \| None None Viaceré korene, ktoré zdieľajú rovnaké výstupné nastavenia.
groups Iterable[tuple[str, str \| None]] \| None None Explicitné (root_dir, translations_dir) páry. Majú prednosť pred root_dirs.
changed_from str \| None None Git ref použitý na obmedzenie kontroly na zmenené zdrojové súbory.
output_format str "text" Formát výstupu kontroly. Podporované hodnoty sú "text" a "github".
fail_on_warnings bool False Považovať varovania za zlyhania rovnako ako chyby.
debug bool False Povoliť debug logovanie.
save_logs bool False Uložiť log súbory úrovne DEBUG do koreňového adresára logs/.

If none of markdown, notebook, or images are set, the API reviews Markdown, notebooks, and image link references where applicable. Review does not call an LLM provider and does not require API keys.

Požiadavky na konfiguráciu

Provider-backed translation APIs require provider configuration before translating:

  • Markdown and notebook translation require an LLM provider. Configure either Azure OpenAI or OpenAI.
  • Image translation requires Azure AI Vision in addition to the LLM provider.
  • run_translation runs lightweight connectivity checks before project translation begins.
  • Agent-assisted start_*_agent_translation and finish_*_agent_translation APIs do not call Co-op Translator LLM providers. The host application or MCP agent translates the prepared chunks.
  • rewrite_markdown_paths, rewrite_notebook_paths, and run_review are deterministic and do not require provider credentials.

Povinné premenné pre Azure OpenAI:

AZURE_OPENAI_API_KEY="..."
AZURE_OPENAI_ENDPOINT="https://<resource>.openai.azure.com/"
AZURE_OPENAI_MODEL_NAME="gpt-4o"
AZURE_OPENAI_CHAT_DEPLOYMENT_NAME="<deployment>"
AZURE_OPENAI_API_VERSION="2024-12-01-preview"

Povinné premenné pre OpenAI:

OPENAI_API_KEY="..."
OPENAI_CHAT_MODEL_ID="gpt-4o"

Povinné premenné Azure AI Vision pre preklad obrázkov:

AZURE_AI_SERVICE_API_KEY="..."
AZURE_AI_SERVICE_ENDPOINT="https://<resource>.cognitiveservices.azure.com/"

run_review je deterministický a nevyžaduje konfiguráciu Azure OpenAI, OpenAI ani Azure AI Vision.

Poznámky o správaní

  • Content translation APIs keep translation separate from project path rewriting. Call rewrite_markdown_paths or rewrite_notebook_paths explicitly when translated content needs project-relative links adjusted for a target location.
  • Project orchestration APIs add project behavior around content translation, including file discovery, writes, path rewriting, metadata, cleanup, and optional disclaimers.
  • run_translation prints progress and estimate summaries through Click, matching the CLI user experience.
  • dry_run=True computes estimates using virtual README updates, but does not write the README or translation files.
  • groups are processed sequentially. A single aggregate estimate is printed before work begins.
  • When image translation is selected, missing Vision configuration raises an error before translation starts.
  • Existing alias-based language folders are detected and can be migrated to canonical language folder names as part of the run.
  • run_review fails on missing translated files, missing or stale translation metadata, malformed Markdown frontmatter/code fences, and invalid translated notebook JSON.
  • run_review predvolene hlási chýbajúce lokálne Markdown a ciele odkazov na obrázky ako varovania.

Interná cesta volaní

The API delegates to the same core implementation used by the CLI:

Preklad:

  1. co_op_translator.api.translation.translate_markdown_content, translate_notebook_content, or translate_image_content for in-memory translation.
  2. co_op_translator.api.translation.rewrite_markdown_paths or rewrite_notebook_paths for explicit path post-processing.
  3. co_op_translator.api.translation.run_translation for full project orchestration.
  4. co_op_translator.config.Config, LLMConfig, and VisionConfig.
  5. co_op_translator.core.project.ProjectTranslator.
  6. co_op_translator.core.project.TranslationManager.
  7. Focused project translation mixins for Markdown, notebooks, and images.
  8. Markdown, notebook, text, and image translators under co_op_translator.core.

Kontrola:

  1. co_op_translator.api.review.run_review
  2. co_op_translator.review.targets.build_review_targets
  3. co_op_translator.review.runner.ReviewRunner
  4. Deterministic checks under co_op_translator.review.checks

The following classes are useful for maintainers, but are not exported as the package-level stable API.

Class Module Responsibility
ProjectTranslator co_op_translator.core.project.project_translator Koordinuje preklad na úrovni projektu, správu adresárov, normalizáciu metadát pre jednotlivé jazyky a delegovanie na prekladače Markdown, notebookov a obrázkov.
TranslationManager co_op_translator.core.project.translation Vykonáva asynchrónne spracovanie súborov pre Markdown, notebooky, obrázky, detekciu zastaranosti a aktualizácie metadát prekladu.
ProjectMarkdownTranslationMixin co_op_translator.core.project.translation.project_markdown_translation Orchestruje čítanie Markdown súborov, preklad obsahu, prepísanie ciest, metadáta, upozornenia a zápisy.
ProjectNotebookTranslationMixin co_op_translator.core.project.translation.project_notebook_translation Orchestruje čítanie notebookov, preklad buniek Markdown, prepísanie ciest, metadáta, upozornenia a zápisy.
ProjectImageTranslationMixin co_op_translator.core.project.translation.project_image_translation Orchestruje zisťovanie zdrojových obrázkov, preklad obrázkov, výstupné cesty, metadáta a zápisy.
ProjectEvaluator co_op_translator.core.project.project_evaluator Nájde preložené páry Markdown, vyhodnocuje kvalitu prekladu a číta metadáta dôveryhodnosti pre pracovné postupy opravy s nízkou dôverou.
ReviewRunner co_op_translator.review.runner Koordinuje deterministické kontrolné overenia naprieč zdrojovými súbormi, cieľovými jazykmi a nakonfigurovanými koreňmi prekladu.
ReviewTarget co_op_translator.review.targets Popisuje zdrojový koreň a výstupný adresár prekladu, ktorý sa pre tento koreň kontroluje.
LanguageFolderMigrator co_op_translator.core.project.language_migrator Detekuje staršie aliasové jazykové priečinky a pripravuje plány migrácie na kanonické názvy priečinkov podľa BCP 47.
Config co_op_translator.config.base_config Načíta súbory .env a skontroluje, či sú nakonfigurovaní povinní LLM a voliteľní Vision poskytovatelia.
LLMConfig co_op_translator.config.llm_config.config Automaticky detekuje Azure OpenAI alebo OpenAI, overí povinné premenné prostredia a vykoná kontroly konektivity poskytovateľa.
VisionConfig co_op_translator.config.vision_config.config Detekuje konfiguráciu Azure AI Vision a vykoná kontroly konektivity pre preklad obrázkov.