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Message Flows

DefaultLoRaDataRequestHandler:ProcessRequestAsync

flowchart TB ProcessRequestAsync-->ReqVal{IsValidRequest?} ReqVal-->|Yes|PerformADR ReqVal-->|No|Done PerformADR-->DedupDrop{MultiGW & Drop?} DedupDrop-->|Yes|Done DedupDrop-->|No|ReqConf{Requires confirmation?} ReqConf-->|No|HasValidFctUp{Has valid fcnt down?} ReqConf-->|Yes|HasFctDown HasFctDown-->|No|Done HasFctDown-->|Yes|HasValidFctUp{Has valid fcnt up?} HasValidFctUp-->decryptPayload[decrypt payload] decryptPayload-->IsMacAnswer{Is Mac answer?} IsMacAnswer-->|Yes|ValidFctDwn{Has valid fct down?} ValidFctDwn-->|No|Done ValidFctDwn-->|Yes|CheckSendDeviceEvt IsMacAnswer-->|No|DecodePayload DecodePayload-->C2DMsg{Has C2D msg?} C2DMsg-->|Yes|CheckSameDevice{Is for same device?} CheckSameDevice-->|Yes|ValidFctDwn2{Has valid fcnt down?} ValidFctDwn2-->|Yes|CheckSendDeviceEvt ValidFctDwn2-->|No|C2DAbandonAsync C2DAbandonAsync-->CheckSendDeviceEvt CheckSameDevice-->|No|SendC2DClassC SendC2DClassC-->CheckSendDeviceEvt C2DMsg-->|No|CheckSendDeviceEvt{Should send event upstream?} CheckSendDeviceEvt-->|Yes|SendDeviceEventAsync SendDeviceEventAsync-->ValidateTime{Still time for Rx Wnd?} CheckSendDeviceEvt-->|No|ValidateTime ValidateTime-->|No|Done ValidateTime-->|Yes|ConfirmDirect{Confirmation and no downlink or not enough time?} ConfirmDirect-->|Yes|SendDownlinkMsg ConfirmDirect-->|No|ifC2DFromDecoder{C2D msg from decoder?} ifC2DFromDecoder-->|Yes|SendDownlinkMsg ifC2DFromDecoder-->|No|fetchC2D fetchC2D-->RequiresConfirmation{Requires confirmation?} RequiresConfirmation-->|Yes|check2ndC2DTime{Enough time for 2nd C2D msg?} RequiresConfirmation-->|No|ValidFctDwn3{Has valid fcnt down?} ValidFctDwn3-->|Yes|check2ndC2DTime ValidFctDwn3-->|No|Done check2ndC2DTime-->|Yes|CheckAdditionalMessages CheckAdditionalMessages-->additionalC2DMsg{Has more messages?} additionalC2DMsg-->|Yes|setFpending[set fpending] additionalC2DMsg-->|No|SendDownlinkMsg setFpending-->SendDownlinkMsg check2ndC2DTime-->|No|SendDownlinkMsg SendDownlinkMsg-->Done(Done)

Incoming message - device not cached

sequenceDiagram autonumber MessageDispatcher->>LoRaDeviceRegistry: GetLoRaRequestQueue LoRaDeviceRegistry->>DeviceLoaderSynchronizer: ctor DeviceLoaderSynchronizer->>DeviceLoaderSynchronizer: Load LoRaDeviceRegistry->>MessageDispatcher: DeviceLoaderSynchronizer MessageDispatcher->>DeviceLoaderSynchronizer: Queue DeviceLoaderSynchronizer->>API: SearchByDevAddrAsync DeviceLoaderSynchronizer->>DeviceLoaderSynchronizer: CreateDevicesAsync loop For each Device DeviceLoaderSynchronizer->>LoRaDeviceFactory: Create LoRaDeviceFactory->>LoRaDeviceFactory: CreateDeviceClient DeviceLoaderSynchronizer->>LoRaDevice: InitializeAsync LoRaDevice->>LoRaDeviceClient: GetTwinAsync end DeviceLoaderSynchronizer->>DeviceLoaderSynchronizer: DispatchQueuedItems DeviceLoaderSynchronizer->>LoRaDevice: Queue LoRaDevice->>DefaultLoRaDataRequestHandler: ProcessRequestAsync
  1. The message dispatcher requests the ILoRaDeviceRequestQueue from the LoRaDeviceRegistry where the LoRaRequest can be sent to. The LoRaDeviceRegistry maintains an in memory cache per DevAddr and checks, if it has a cache and if it contains a valid device matching the NwkSKey. If it does not, the LoRaDeviceRegistry initializes a DeviceLoaderSynchronizer as ILoRaDeviceRequestQueue, and adds it to its cache under the prefix devloader.
  2. The DeviceLoaderSynchronizer ctor does trigger an async initialization
  3. Load of the devices matching the DevAddr is triggered
  4. The MessageDispatcher receives the DeviceLoaderSynchronizer
  5. The original LoRaRequest is put onto the queue where it will wait for the device to be loaded.
  6. The SearchByDevAddrAsync is calling the function and tries to get a list for that particular DevAddr . The result is a list of IoTHubDeviceInfo which contains everything required to connect the device to IoT Hub as well as the NwkSKey.
  7. The DeviceLoaderSynchronizer iterates over the result and asks for each of the result item to be materialized into a LoRaDevice.
  8. The LoRaDeviceFactory creates a LoRaDevice from the IoTHubDeviceInfo
  9. The LoRaDeviceFactory also maintains the connections per device to IoT Hub. It does that through the LoRaDeviceClientConnectionManager where LoRaDeviceClient are registered per DevEUI.
  10. Each device is initialized to get ready for processing messages
  11. The initialization is triggering the load of the twins through the LoRaDeviceClient
  12. Once the device is initialized, the messages for the device are dispatched
  13. The dispatch is putting them on the LoRaDevice Queue
  14. The LoRaDevice will process the messages in sequence to avoid contention on the device connection and delegate the processing to the ILoRaDataRequestHandler.

Observations

  1. If the DevAddr does not match any of our registered devices, we keep the DeviceLoaderSynchronizer in cache for 30s (which is designed to ensure that pending requests that were already on the queue, can be processed), then it's evicted. Subsequent messages after those 30s with the same DevAddr will keep going back to the functions API. Given the fact that a device could be registered between messages, I don't see a way to avoid that except if we are willing to accept a longer period until we recognize a device. In that case we could register a 'drop' queue for the DevAddr that will be evicted after a longer time.

Incoming message - device cached

sequenceDiagram autonumber MessageDispatcher->>LoRaDeviceRegistry: GetLoRaRequestQueue alt in cache but not our device LoRaDeviceRegistry->>MessageDispatcher:ExternalGatewayLoRaRequestQueue:ctor else LoRaDeviceRegistry->>MessageDispatcher:cached LoRaDevice end MessageDispatcher->>LoRaDevice: Queue LoRaDevice->>DefaultLoRaDataRequestHandler: ProcessRequestAsync
  1. The message dispatcher requests the ILoRaDeviceRequestQueue from the LoRaDeviceRegistry
  2. If the device was in cache, but does not belong to our gateway, we return a ExternalGatewayLoRaRequestQueue. That queue is basically dropping any messages that are sent to it.
  3. If the device was found in the cache we return that to the MessageDispatcher.
  4. The request is put onto the LoRaDevice's queue.
  5. The LoRaDevice will process the messages in sequence to avoid contention on the device connection and delegate the processing to the ILoRaDataRequestHandler.

Join Request - OTAA

sequenceDiagram autonumber MessageDispatcher->>JoinRequestMessageHandler: DispatchRequest JoinRequestMessageHandler->>JoinRequestMessageHandler: ProcessJoinRequestAsync JoinRequestMessageHandler->>LoRaOperationTimeWatcher: ctor JoinRequestMessageHandler->>LoRaDeviceRegistry: GetDeviceForJoinRequestAsync LoRaDeviceRegistry->>API: SearchAndLockForJoinAsync LoRaDeviceRegistry->>JoinDeviceLoader: ctor activate LoRaDevice par JoinDeviceLoader->>JoinDeviceLoader:LoadAsync JoinDeviceLoader->>ILoRaDeviceFactory: Create ILoRaDeviceFactory-->>JoinDeviceLoader: LoRaDevice JoinDeviceLoader->>LoRaDevice: InitializeAsync LoRaDevice->>ILoRaDeviceClient: GetTwinAsync and LoRaDeviceRegistry->>JoinDeviceLoader: WaitCompleteAsync end JoinDeviceLoader-->>LoRaDeviceRegistry: LoRaDevice LoRaDeviceRegistry-->>JoinRequestMessageHandler: LoRaDevice JoinRequestMessageHandler-->>JoinRequestMessageHandler: Validation JoinRequestMessageHandler->>OTAAKeysGenerator: CalculateKey JoinRequestMessageHandler->>LoRaOperationTimeWatcher: InTimeForJoinAccept JoinRequestMessageHandler->>LoRaDevice: UpdateAfterJoinAsync deactivate LoRaDevice

  1. The MessageDispatcher delegates the handling of the join request to the JoinRequestMessageHandler

  2. The JoinRequestMessageHandler is executing ProcessJoinRequestAsync and extracts: DevEUI, AppEUI and DevNonce from the join request.

  3. A LoRaOperationTimeWatcher is created to monitor the elapsed time for the join request.

  4. The LoRaDeviceRegistry is queried for the device matching the join request.

  5. The LoRaDeviceRegistry is asking the functions API to lookup the device using the DevEUI, AppEUI and the DevNonce. Also the Gateway Id is sent to allow locking the join request. see the GetDevice flow

  6. Q: why do we send the AppEUI? It looks like that's not used for the OTAA join?

  7. LoRaDeviceRegistry creates a new JoinDeviceLoader (unless the loader is still in the cache - valid for 30min) passing in the IoTHubDeviceInfo.

  8. The ctor of the JoinDeviceLoader starts a thread executing LoadAsync

  9. A new LoRaDevice is created through the factory from the IoTHubDeviceInfo

  10. LoRaDevice is returned.

  11. The LoRaDevice is initialized.

  12. Twins are loaded through the ILoRaDeviceClient (keys were fetched from the API).

  13. JoinDeviceLoader is waiting for completion of the device load process

  14. The LoRaDevice is returned to the LoRaDeviceRegistry

  15. The LoRaDevice is returned to the JoinRequestMessageHandler

  16. Validation of the join request is performed (CheckMic, DevNonce, GatewayID)

  17. Keys are generated

  18. Validate that we can confirm the join to the device and are within Join_accept_delay2 for the current region.

  19. Writing DevAddr, NwkSKey, AppSKey, AppNonce, DevNonce, NetID, Region, PreferredGatewayID

  20. If we are still in time for a valid receive window, a JoinAccept will be sent to the device after calculating the DR and Frequency.

Function GetDevice - OTAA

sequenceDiagram autonumber LNS->>DeviceGetter:GetDevice DeviceGetter->>DeviceGetter:TryGetJoinInfoAndValidateAsync DeviceGetter->>Redis:GetObject - JoinInfo alt JoinInfo not in cache DeviceGetter->>RegistryManager: GetDeviceAsync DeviceGetter->>RegistryManager: GetTwinAsync DeviceGetter->>Redis: ObjectSet end alt if not our device DeviceGetter-->>LNS: JoinRefused end DeviceGetter->>Redis:StringSet Note over DeviceGetter,Redis: Only if it does not exist, valid: 5min alt if it did exist DeviceGetter-->>LNS: JoinRefused else DeviceGetter->>DeviceCache: TryToAcquireLock Note over DeviceGetter,DeviceCache: This tries to aquire a lock on the DevEUI alt if lock acquired DeviceGetter->>DeviceCache: KeyDelete Note over DeviceGetter,DeviceCache: Delete DevEUI key from Redis else DeviceGetter->>DeviceGetter: log warning end DeviceGetter->>LNS: IoTHubDeviceInfo end

  1. The LNS requests the device for a join request

  2. The DeviceGetter calls TryGetJoinInfoAndValidateAsync

  3. Try to get the JoinInfo (containing the primary key and the desired gateway id for the device) from Redis.

  4. If the device was not in the cache, we use the IoT Hub RegistryManager to fetch the Device

  5. If the device exists, we fetch the twins and get the Desired GatewayId.

  6. The JoinInfo is stored in Redis for 60min

  7. We validate that if there is a desired gateway, the gateway processing the join request, is the desired gateway. If not, a BadRequest is returned to the LNS indicating the join failure.

  8. We try to set the DevEUI:Nonce value in Redis cache to ensure, only 1 Gateway is processing the join request

  9. If we did not win the race, the Gateway receives a BadRequest response

  10. If we were successful we create a IoTHubDeviceInfo and try to acquire a lock on the DevEUI

  11. If we did get the lock, we delete the DevEUI key.

  12. If not, we print out a warning

  13. We return the IoTHubDeviceInfo

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